A story unfolds with a question and ends with one that leave you speechless. While browsing Anilist I stumbled upon this manga in the recommended section. At first I skimmed through the synopsis and reviews and while it seemed intriguing it didnt quite captivate me enough to dive in. That changed when I glanced at the manga cover and noticed a detail that caught my attention. 330https://i.ur.com/LiMcBWg.jpeg In that image theres a boy holding something like a compass and looking up at the sky. Seems pretty normal right? Thats until I suddenly noticed the rope wrapped around his neck. He seemed to be hanging and gazing at the sky as if nothing was happening. It struck me as strange. So I decided to give it a try and I dont regret reading it. This manga I must say is a prime example of a story with a complete beginning and ending. Its brief yet impactful conveying the storys purpose faithfully and leaving many questions for the readers. It made me read while researching details related to astronomy and gain a different perspective on changes in the flow of history. Therefore I decided to write this review to compile what Ive learned and share my perspective on this series. This might be the longest review Ive ever written and I hope it helps you understand more about the manga to some extent. SPOILER Since in the article Ive used many images and important details from the story you should read the story at least once before reading this review. However if you want to have a clear understanding of this story before reading you can skim through the first part of the review and skip the rest. The information I have gathered is mostly based on the internet written from the perspective of a person without expertise in astronomy and not following any specific religion so there may be unavoidable errors. Sadly English is not my mother tongue and the grammar I used in this post will probably make it difficult for you to understand during reading. I hope you can forgive me that THE HISTORY Before delving into the storys content lets talk about the historical context upon which this story is based. Going back in time there was a period when science and art were completely dormant for 300 years a period considered the most chaotic in human history prompting researchers to expend countless pages discussing it known as The Dark Ages. 450https://i.ur.com/hhHZ3n2.png Fall of the Rome The Dark Ages refers to the entirety of the Middle Ages spanning from the 5th to the 15th centuries in Western Europe. It denotes a period following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire marked by economic intellectual and cultural decline. Throughout that period countless pandemics spread across continents with the most dreadful being the Black Death pandemic. Originating in Asia and reaching Europe in 1347 it reoccurred several times within the same century claiming the lives of over onethird of the population in Europe. This was accompanied by a 100yearlong war devastating lands crops not unlike the impact of the Black Death. 450https://i.ur.com/HAPrPEN.jpeg Amidst death rampant everywhere at a time when human understanding of the origins and causes of epidemics remained limited religion served as a redemption for many. Ancient and medieval religious beliefs attributed disease outbreaks to the wrath of deities the punishment of God for human sins or the work of demons spirits and other supernatural forces. These religious interpretations of the origins of diseases significantly influenced that era leading to purges and witch hunts. Torture was used to force confessions from victims primarily women and those of lower classes and thousands of innocent victims were burned alive at the stake. 450https://i.ur.com/HlaNWoC.png Left: Pope Alexander VI Right: Last Judgement by Stephan Lochner in 1435 In the 1500 the Roman Catholic Church held unparalleled power in Western Europe. It maintained its authority through the use of threats such as excommunication and eternal damnation. Around that time a notable figure emerged Pope Alexander VI who was infamous for the widespread corruption during his papacy. The historical context of the Church at that time was a blend of spiritual authority and temporal authority so the pope not only wielded power within the Church but also had influence over the kings and rulers of the era. Because of this wealthy noble families sought to disrupt the church hierarchy by placing their family members in positions of power within the Church. Their intention was not to serve God or the Church but to gain political power and seek profit. Once Alexander VI attained the highest position as pope he used the power of that position to satisfy his desire for power: accumulating wealth for himself his families and his lineage. However the calamities of the era continued to disrupt the Church. Disciplines highly regarded in the Church such as philosophy and theology gradually lost their prominence leading to the emergence of new ideas that posed a risk to the Churchs authority. 480https://i.ur.com/yhdJBQu.jpeg Among these was the field of astronomy where theories of geocentrism were considered closely linked to the religion and beliefs of the people of that time. Therefore the emergence of alternative studies was seen as heretical and the Church sought to hunt down those who conducted research or possessed materials with heretical ideas. Until the theory of heliocentrism emerged and changed the course of history. But how did the theory of heliocentrism come about? Whats the story behind its emergence? That is the central theme this manga revolves around and now lets return to the story. THE STORY This story revolves around two main themes: Heliocentrism Geocentrism. Throughout the narrative we will encounter numerous characters and their ideologies about the universe their perspectives on this world the Earth and God. Eventually as everything is upheaved by a theory they find themselves in a psychological struggle between pursuing truth or faith and how they adamantly persist in proving something considered contrary to the prevailing beliefs of that era. Though the journey may be brief the meanings and messages it imparts are difficult to fully articulate. Therefore I have divided it into three parts each corresponding to the aspects you will encounter throughout the story. Naturally it will not encompass everything but rather focus on the main point. The remaining nuances in the story you can explore and experience for yourself as revealing them all would spoil the best part of this story HELIOCENTRISM GEOCENTRISM In the past when the universe was still an undiscovered mystery a question was posed: What lies at the center of our universe? To answer this question two theories have sparked debates within the scientific community: Heliocentrism and Geocentrism. In definition the heliocentric theory posits that the Sun resides at the center of the universe while the geocentric theory argues that the Earth is the center of the universe with the Sun and other celestial bodies revolving around it. 500https://i.ur.com/UzsIo62.png Left: Geocentrism Right: Heliocentrism We all know that the Earth revolves around the Sun so the heliocentric theory is undoubtedly the correct answer. However if this question were posed prior to the 15th century most responses would likely assert that the Earth is indeed the center of the universe. 500https://i.ur.com/XEtgleV.png The reason is that the geocentric theory had been formed very early on dating back to ancient Greece and it had gained consensus among most erring philosophers such as Aristotle and Ptolemy. The emergence of models demonstrating Earth at the center further reinforced this hypothesis. In the first chapter our main character Rafal also provided some typical reasons to explain the geocentric theory such as citing Aristotles statement all heavy objects fall below and arguing that Earth must be at the center of the universe for all objects around to be attracted to and revolve around it. However in reality these ideas had never been experimentally tested they had simply been reiterated for so long that they were unquestionably accepted. Until the early 1600s these ideas still dominated all astronomical thoughts and theories. So this partly explains why Rafal could confidently answer as he did. But his belief was shaken after a fateful encounter with an eccentric researcher. The first turning point of the story occurred when Rafal asked the man about his eccentric research. Instead of answering the man posed a series of questions to him about the true shape of the universe. Do you know the shape in which space envelops itself in? If we were to rely on the geocentric theory we would have a depiction with Earth in the center along with symbolic orbits of celestial bodies revolving around it as illustrated by Rafal below. 500https://i.ur.com/AbrH5Zm.png However I want you to look at that drawing and feel about it. How does it make you feel? If this were the truth of the universe what do you think about it? And the man continued to ask Rafal as follows: Does this truth seem beautiful to you? Now look back at that drawing once again and perceive whether it is beautiful. When first reading this scene I think some of you might feel like I do finding the image beautiful in a certain way. Of course speaking of the beauty of the drawing alone it is not incorrect but the beauty we are referring to here is the truth. But how is truth considered beautiful? There are many ways to answer this question but they all converge on one main idea that is the beauty of truth lies in its simplicity. To clarify this I will show you an animation demonstrating the motion of planets based on both the geocentric and heliocentric theories. 500https://i.ur.com/7H6MJ1P.gif Left: Heliocentrism Right: Geocentrism After watching lets compare the motions of both sides. Heliocentrism appears to be more visually appealing to us. It is orderly follows laws and seems to satisfy the condition of the beauty of truth which is its simplicity. On the other hand in geocentrism initially things may seem easy to perceive but as time progresses everything becomes chaotic. There is no order each planet follows a very complex law of motion and it takes a while for us to distinguish the motion of each planet. Thus hasnt geocentrism failed to meet the condition of simplicity of the beauty of truth? 500https://i.ur.com/Ld4WJWb.png At this point Rafal also responded that he found the geocentric side to be entirely chaotic lacking any beauty of truth in it. However he explained that sometimes the truth may not be beautiful so it is not uncommon for truth to lack orderliness thus the geocentric hypothesis might be somewhat accurate. However truth must be absolute. The man refuted Rafals thoughts asserting that there is still truth that can satisfy both accuracy and beauty. To achieve that state we must assume that the Sun and stars do not move the Sun remains stationary throughout and we the observers must move around it. 480https://i.ur.com/eSrNVaI.png Imagine were sitting in a car looking out the window and the scenery around us seems to be moving backward while we remain still. However in reality we are also moving along with the car and the scenery is actually stationary leading to the illusion that its moving. Rafal tested this himself and had to admit that if the Earth were also in motion then celestial bodies appearing stationary would also seem to be moving in his eyes. This is the crux of the issue about the Earths movement. This is the premise of the heliocentric theory and also the foundation for our main characters to prove the heliocentric theory is correct. 500https://i.ur.com/PJSIUUo.png Therefore to prove the heliocentric theory correct we need to demonstrate the Earths movement. However the issue here is how to determine whether the Earth is in motion or not. If we were to observe the Earths motion from outside of it that would be entirely feasible for us now. But for people in the 15th century it was completely impossible. Hence they decided to use an alternative method which was to observe the motion of nearby planets and prove that their orbits are circular. According to the heliocentric theory all planets have circular orbits and revolve around the Sun. Therefore if they observed the planets motion as circular it would imply the correctness of the heliocentric theory. However we encountered a problem. 500https://i.ur.com/9G25SyI.png When observing the orbit of Mars over a period of time our characters noticed that at a certain point Mars suddenly halted. Instead of continuing its forward motion it moved backward before eventually returning to its orbit. 500https://i.ur.com/sduRgQ1.png This backward movement has completely disrupted the circular orbit of the heliocentric theory. In doing so its effectively disproven the heliocentric theory hasnt it? Of course its not just limited to heliocentrism even in the geocentric model scientists observed this peculiar retrograde motion and sought explanations for it. They named this phenomenon the Retrogradation of Planets. 550https://i.ur.com/WKpsx2R.png To explain the retrograde motion proponents of the geocentric theory presented a widely recognized model at the time called the Ptolemaic System by Ptolemy. Lets take a look at an animation together to visualize this system: 500https://i.ur.com/cTFGqrV.gif Ptolemy explained the apparent looping motion of the planets by placing the center of one rotating circle called the epicycle which carried the planet on another rotating circle called the deferent so that together the motions of the two circles produced the observed looping motion of the planet. The original purpose of the system was to account for the difference in length of the seasons northern autumn was about five days shorter than spring during this time period in the past by placing the Earth away from the center of rotation of the rest of the universe. Another sphere the epicycle is embedded inside the deferent sphere and is represented by the smaller dotted line to the right. A given planet then moves around the epicycle at the same time the epicycle moves along the path marked by the deferent. These combined movements cause the given planet to move closer to and further away from the Earth at different points in its orbit and explained the observation that planets slowed down stopped and moved backward in retrograde motion and then again reversed to resume normal or prograde motion. 500https://i.ur.com/R70QoZ7.png Piast reacts to the epicycle model This model simultaneously satisfies Aristotles concentric spheres explaining the celestial sphere and Ptolemys centrifugal force explaining the planets circular motion within the epicycle. From the perspective of the geocentric theory this retrograde motion is entirely logical. Therefore the observation of Mars not moving in a perfect circle validates the geocentric theory. 500https://i.ur.com/manTRGz.png However Badeni argued that it is precisely because planets move forward that we see them moving backward. He provided an incredibly simple example that was sufficient to challenge the theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy from 1000 years ago. This is also the scene that impressed me when I read it. 500https://i.ur.com/3gwsEpb.png Badeni assumed that the Earth also moves similarly to other planets. He imagined Okgi representing the Earth and himself representing Mars moving together in a circular path with the center being a wooden branch. As shown in the illustration when we view from Okgis perspective representing the Earth the closer Okgi moves towards Badeni the more it feels like Badeni is moving backward even though he is still moving forward in a straight line as usual. 500https://i.ur.com/FFJK3zS.png It explains why Mars moves backward at a certain point. That moment occurs when Earth overtakes Mars because Earths orbit is smaller than Mars causing Earth to move faster than Mars. When applying this to the heliocentric theory we still observe this backward motion but it is from Earths perspective while in reality Earth is still moving and orbiting around the Sun. For easier visualization you can watch the video below. Although the planet in the video is Mercury the explanation applies similarly: https://ur.com/YAvkwZy.mp4 Yes thats the whole mystery of retrograde motion as mentioned in the video At this point our characters have summarized the key points of the heliocentric theory: 1. The sun is in the center of the universe. 2. The planets orbits are complete spherical motions. 3. Each planet follows its own fixed orbital speed. However with these key points we still cannot definitively assert that Earth is in motion. Badeni argues that there are still many shortcomings such as the complexity in explaining Earths orbit and the examples provided are merely hypothetical without specific observational data or real evidence to be scientifically acceptable. Like in the geocentric theory where we have Ptolemys model which was accepted as a theoretical basis in science. Therefore they need one final determining factor to prove the heliocentric theory correct. But what is that factor? 500https://i.ur.com/VRmpBB2.jpeg When all three main characters came to see Piast to access the astronomical councils research documents he made a condition which was to observe the phase of Venus. To explain this lets go through some facts: 1. Venus is the closest planet to Earth and is almost the same size mass and density as our planet in fact considering only size and mass Venus could be Earths twin. 2. Venus and Mercury are closer to the Sun than Earth is a critical fact for understanding this activity. 3. When observing planets with a telescope those closer to the Sun than Earth appears markedly different from those farther away. Closer planets are called inferior planets while those farther from the Sun than Earth are called superior planets. 4. Inferior planets always show phases when observed while superior planets never do. This is only possible in a heliocentric solar system. Returning to the story Piast was a proponent of the geocentric theory and always sought absolute truth to bolster that theory. However during his research he once saw Venus waxing a phenomenon impossible in the geocentric theory. To confirm whether he had misperceived or not he proposed a challenge to one of the three main characters who had good observational skills to observe whether Venus was waxing. The chosen one was Okgi. After passing Piasts observational test he was allowed to take on the challenge. His observations of Venus were the final piece to the heliocentric puzzle and what happened next was history. 500https://i.ur.com/StTNN47.jpeg One of the main turning points of the story By observing that Venus showed phases despite remaining near the Sun in Earths sky this proves that Venus orbits the Sun and not Earth which disproved Ptolemys geocentric model. The last panel where the light destroys the geocentric model was just amazing. Im really looking forward to what this scene will look like when its made into an anime. 500https://i.ur.com/jSckTo0.png Having met the final condition they were now able to proceed with proving the heliocentric theory. During the calculations Badeni noticed something peculiar as he computed the orbits of the planets. According to theory the planets should have orbits that are perfect circles for the retrograde motion phenomenon to occur. However what he calculated showed that the orbit of Mars did not form a perfect circle. 500https://i.ur.com/vv8tYYx.png While pondering Badeni conducted a small experiment with a chain hanging on the wall. He first placed two nails on the wall symbolizing the Earth and the Sun and the ball he held represented Mars. Then he rotated the ball around to observe its orbit and instead of a circle he noticed it formed an ellipse. What did this mean? It meant he had discovered a major flaw in the conditions of the heliocentric theory: The planets orbit is not a complete spherical motion. More precisely the orbit of a planet must be an ellipse. Reflecting on history the person who discovered this truth was Kepler who took eight years to observe the elliptical orbits of the planets. In reality the Sun does not lie precisely at the center of a planets orbit instead it is located offcenter at one of the two foci of the ellipse. Some planets such as Earth have nearly circular orbits while the orbit of Mars is an elongated ellipse. Scientists refer to this as Keplers three laws. Returning to the story Badeni finally identified the conditions of the heliocentric theory as follows: 1. The sun is in the center of the universe. 2. The planets orbit is an ellipse. 3. Each planet follows its own fixed orbital speed. 4. The phase of Venus is possible. With these conditions Badeni could finally prove that the Earth is indeed in motion. 500https://i.ur.com/mEIVLmF.png Their journey to prove the heliocentric theory has come to fruition. The hypothesis that was once considered heretical an antiuniverse notion has now become the ultimate truth. From this point on what humans believe about God and the universe has changed 360 degrees. History has been altered. A truly fantastic ending isnt it? If this were truly the ending of the manga I wouldnt have written this long review haha. Because the journey hasnt stopped there. The truly best part of this manga in my opinion is its latter half. The journey for those individuals to make the world aware of the theory of heliocentrism. FAITH TRUTH Looking back at history faith and truth have persisted throughout the depths of human history. Through each era human faith has gradually changed and evolved all with the shared goal of seeking happiness for humanity and connecting with God. However during the Middle Ages the Catholic Church was more than just a means of connecting with God it was a comprehensive belief system. The medieval church didnt solely focus on peoples relationship with God it also sought to explain history science ethics and proper behavior. Among these beliefs the notion that the Earth was at the center of the universe was almost considered truth because it was deeply intertwined with their beliefs in God and the Scriptures. The question posed here is whether those people would easily accept the heliocentric theorya hypothesis that contradicted their beliefs and understanding of the world. 500https://i.ur.com/aBg5NQx.png First lets consider children like Rafal who were nurtured and educated within the church. In one scene where asked about his intended field of study Rafal expresses his intention to study theologya discipline highly esteemed within the church and academia. He provides accurate and dutiful answers aligned with the teachings of the clergy. Ultimately Rafal leaves a favorable impression on those around him portraying himself as a bright humble and integrated child. His actions are perceived as logical and practical within the society of that time. 500https://i.ur.com/irz7RkL.png However what Rafal believes in mostly aligns with teachings from the Bible and societal norms. He simply follows them without a moments hesitation believing that deviating from the scriptures and the truths of that era would be foolish and misguided. So when he heard about Huberts hypothesis of the Earths motion initially he found it intriguing. However upon closer examination he deemed it illogical in comparison to what he had been taught. For Rafal the Earth was created by God at the center of this universe around which everything revolves and any occurrences on Earth are predestined. Huberts inquiries about the universe or the Earth were merely seen by him as foolish questions without any basis. 500https://i.ur.com/pjLOhCK.png In contrast to Rafal Hubert is the opposite of what the boy believes. He chose to trade his beliefs and position to pursue the true truth. For him as long as people have knowledge they can pursue the beautiful truth that God has created. As for what the Bible teaches societys collective thinking only further limits the discovery of those obvious truths. The mans reckless and courageous lifestyle impressed and somewhat scared Rafal. He also has moments of doubt about the universe about the reason there are heretic people about the lack of order in the geocentric model. But the logical beliefs he believed in made him afraid that one wrong choice would make his simple life go up in smoke like those heretic people who were sentenced to death. If even welleducated children like Rafal fear such consequences what about the adults? 480https://i.ur.com/xpa1cdU.png Moving on to Okgi this character in my perception carries the most pessimistic and pitiable outlook in the story. When he was a child he was taught that the Earth was created by God at the center of the universe and thus all things revolve around it. This notion led him to believe that the world he lived in was special making him feel unique within it thus he developed a hobby of stargazing at night. However compared to the starry night sky the reality he faced was entirely opposite: famine pandemics spreading everywhere class discrimination where the rich lived lavishly while the poor struggled for the scraps of the nobility. In such a world what was so special? It only fueled Okgis discontent as the Earth which he believed to be special should be much cleaner and brighter than the dirty world around him. At one point he even sought answers from a priest about his dilemma only to receive a response that couldnt have been more blunt. The dirty world they lived in was because the Earth was positioned at the center of the universe. However the center here referred to the bottom the lowest part of the universe. This is why everything tended to fall towards the Earth and the stars appeared to descend towards it. The new discoveries as indicated by the priest in the picture affirmed one thing: that the Earth was not special but rather lowly and dirty. This shattered all beliefs within Okgi as he realized that he was merely the scum of the universe while the beautiful stars in the sky were noble in comparison. This realization caused him to lose hope in the world to the extent that he no longer wanted to look up at the sky abandoning hope for the world altogether. 480https://i.ur.com/fsckw68.png That severe shock was so deeply ingrained in Okgis mind that he hardly believed any other truth could change that reality. Even when he observed his friend taking notes on the movements of Mars even when he meet the escorted heretic man or even when they found the secret document box he remained unmoved and denying it all. The climax is when Gallus explains his observation of Mars because it helps him maintain hope in this world and that it is still beautiful because of that circular motion even though it has taken away Galluss only family. Okgi once again rejected and said that his friends belief was hopeless because hope can only be found in heaventhat is after people die. The words he said to convince his friendactually even I felt they were too extreme. But we cant blame him because he only relied on what he was taught. They taught him that this world is dirty because the earth is at the bottom of the universe and disasters happen because they are punishment for humans so he must live well following Gods commandments and then only by dying can we go to heaven. And obviously Okgi believed that this was the only hope for humanityfor this hopeless worldto be saved. 450https://i.ur.com/i3YMKdj.png Those thoughts the beliefs they hold onto in the end do not bring them hope but only further despair. The way people interpret everything sowing hope for each other in a world full of suffering through biblical teachings ultimately cannot solve all essential problems such as famine and epidemics. It also cannot answer the evident truths of the universe. And if people use faith to interpret those truths can they still be considered as truths? 500https://i.ur.com/FSgcwwd.png Even if there are people who try to clarify that truth through science they will still be oppressed and tortured to death for betraying their faith. Even Badeni a monk who believes in the churchs dogma has to question the flaw in the geocentric theory. He did research to explain the regression of planets and the council imprisoned him saying it was a mockery of faith. Even though the man argued with them that he was not against God but just disagreed with the geocentric models explanation. 500https://i.ur.com/qrHf1o1.png The way the church prohibited astronomical research activities forbidding people to question anything and mandating strict adherence to their teachings stripped away the most fundamental right of humanity: the freedom to learn. People were not allowed to doubt to be curious to question what they were taught they were not allowed the freedom to research to read books or to entertain any thoughts contrary to their faith. If they did they would be accused of heresy of possessing prohibited documents or of intending rebellion. All of this was done just to reinforce the power of the church which had suppressed human knowledge throughout the centuries. 500https://i.ur.com/L6dpDAL.png Not only that but the heavy societal class division and the disdain towards women also contribute to the dominance of the church. When people have to attend classes at the church and can only be nominated by church officials to go to university. Badenis perspective that only the aristocracy possesses knowledge only they are worthy of engaging in intellectual discourse instead of commoners like Okgi. The way Jolanta is discriminated against at the research institute having her work stolen by a senior colleague for her thesis that she diligently researched just because she is a woman. A society like this from the outset discriminates based on gender on each others social classes how could they have a different perspective on other things? 500https://i.ur.com/hFCIe9a.png He commented that the Ptolmaic theory was wrong Even research scholars at that time only dared to research and perfect previously accepted knowledge even though they felt it had errors. They cannot conduct research that goes against the geocentric model everything must fall within the framework of The Earth was created by God at the center of the universe. Even their discussion activities must be done in private and secret for fear of being punished by the church if they accidentally say anything taboo. 500https://i.ur.com/jyYglw5.png Novak questioned Okgi about the heretic However the churchs efforts still cannot prevent all heretic thoughts. There are still people who do whatever it takes to conduct research and store banned books even though they are tortured or warned many times. The executions took place so often that Novak the churchs torturer found it difficult to understand. He doesnt understand why people are taught that as long as they live well and follow the dogma they will go to heaven yet there are people who are willing to throw that opportunity away? And the characters in turn answered that question as follows. 500https://i.ur.com/AiJeUYO.png Okgi answered why he chose to become a heretic What makes the difference between humans and animals is the freedom to doubt to explore everything around. No matter when pursuing any truth people are forced to constantly come up with new knowledge and hypotheses to perfect them. The Churchs imposition of rules on the truth and prohibition of research activities is no different from taking away the freedom of people pursuing that truth. 500https://i.ur.com/GY6nafO.png Badeni answered why he still continues the taboo research The torture persecution forcing them to believe in the world they live in has been such. But are they willing to accept what is happening before their eyes? Are they willing to live their whole lives with that false truth? The answer will never be until they uncover the roots and explain them. Thats why those people disregard their lives adhere to their beliefs to pursue knowledge a singular truth. Thats the reason heresy is born. And for those who pursue that heliocentric theory they will not let the church choose what they say they will say what they have to say and they will speak the truth the way they see it. Despite struggling psychologically conflicted in their beliefs to be able to believe in what they are pursuing. 500https://i.ur.com/361NyoE.png For Rafal it means sacrificing his entire future 500https://i.ur.com/TYSttGT.png For Badeni it was losing his right eye 500https://i.ur.com/ZQUpRKT.png For Piast it was the shattering of his faith in the theory he had devoted his entire life to studying 500https://i.ur.com/WBol8pZ.jpeg After all a persons faith cannot change the truth but the truth on the contrary can change an individuals faith. And to end this part I would like to share with you a comment that I happened to read on a forum which left a lasting impression on me: During middle school while learning about the theory of evolution I asked a priest about the accuracy of God creating the universe in 7 days. To my surprise the priest replied I have served God for over 50 years yet I still dont have unwavering faith in everything written in the Bible. If a priest is like that then surely I must be sinful right? However lets approach it this way everything written in the Bible is allegorical Mt 13:1017. Could it be that God creating the universe in 7 days is also just an allegory? That everything in heaven and on earth has already been predetermined by God so lets live without unnecessary worry. This doesnt mean God takes away human freedom or imposes destiny on humans. Eve was previously given the freedom to choose whether to eat the forbidden fruit or not the freedom to choose happiness in the Garden of Eden or exile to Earth. What humans endure what they seek its all part of Gods plan. Its humans who make the choices. Gods commandment is simply love God love others. Transforming it into something else is a choice made by humans. The fault lies with humans not with religion. Anything that is not right will be eliminated. Those who defile religion have been/are/will be eliminated but the religion of over 2000 years still remains. Just having it in your heart is enough any rituals are simply additions made by humans. Because from the very beginning truth and principles have always existed. Its humans who misunderstand and make mistakes but the truth never changes. DEATH Death. When it comes to death we often think of it as an abstract concept and have vague perceptions of it. However we all know one thing: death is inevitable. In the context of this story that is no exception. During the medieval period death was almost omnipresent. Death from plagues famine madness... were the first scenes people of that time encountered whenever they stepped outside. These occurrences spanned centuries so much so that they were almost haunted by the idea of living only to die in peace. The fear of death became widespread and deeply ingrained in their subconscious especially among the lower classes. They did not know when they would die and feared dying in pain like others. The sermons in the church at that time all focused on how humans should live teaching them how to live in order to be forgiven and ascend to heaven after death. Overall death was seen as extremely cruel and harsh in the eyes of people at that time. However the way this story describes death is completely different. It does not just stop at death but it makes the reader contemplate what is called death. And this we will see most clearly through the perspective of the character Okgi. 500https://i.ur.com/DxUeNhq.png In the story we learn that Okgi works as a hired killer punishes criminals and tortures criminals to make ends meet. Even though he didnt like that job he was still forced to do it because it was the only job with a good salary that a commoner could earn. However after repeatedly witnessing the people he killed he realized that they all had one thing in common theyre all have died with unsightly scared looks on their faces. Their faces all expressed pain and fear as if they were facing the gates of hell. They didnt seem to die peacefully and naturally like the way the Bible had taught him. This raised many questions for him. Did the people he killed really go to heaven? Or is it really that the number of people who go to heaven is very small? If so does someone like him who has killed many people still have a chance to go to heaven? These thoughts tormented Okgi many times to the point where he became obsessed with death and thought there was no hope left except death. Until he witnessed the death of the heretic witnessed the death of his friend it was the first time he saw the face of a person who died in peace. 500https://i.ur.com/jCIEx7p.png He witnessed his friend fall down a cliff 500https://i.ur.com/UfqdA7N.png He witnesses the heretic die before his eyes 500https://i.ur.com/lCJhQad.png Their deaths were without pain without fear on the contrary they all wore a contented look before dying as if they had truly gone to heaven. Okgi couldnt understand at that time because for someone who still had hope in this sinful world and someone who was guilty of heresy how could they have that peaceful face? Gradually he understood for himself after meeting Badeni Jolanta Piast... Realizing that heaven and earth were in harmony as one realizing that death really had no meaning realizing that how pursuing something can make a person hopeful. Then when he looked up at the sky when facing death he was no longer afraid but smiled and accepted it. 500https://i.ur.com/7pSncE4.png Rafal presents some philosophies about death In the end we are not knowing for sure what comes after this life. There is no proof and no scientific studies can be done on what happens after we die. The only thing science can ascertain is that our bodies decompose into goo and we start to stink after awhile. Is there something else? Do we really have souls that carry on on another level of existence? Maybe we will never know. For that same reason spending time thinking about death while we could be focusing on living is no different from a way to torture ourselves. 500https://i.ur.com/o2vhuUV.png For those who pursued heliocentric theory they accepted from the outset that they might die for their beliefs. Like the characters who sacrificed their futures parts of their bodies endured torture and were deemed heretics they still chose to pursue what they believed in until the end. Even if their actions were deemed meaningless contrary to faith in their eyes they were right. Even if they regretted it later at least they had pursued what they wanted. Because someone pursuing knowledge considered erroneous does not mean their actions are all meaningless. The knowledge they left behind will still exist. It will be continued and enriched by future generations. And the way those characters embraced their deaths it had hit me deeply. 500https://i.ur.com/MUaRJiS.png The moment Rafal sits in the prison cell is one of them. Before the poison seeps through his body he spends his final moments gazing up at the ceiling. In the eyes of the readers all we can see is Rafal looking at the four walls of the cell. But in Rafals eyes there are no walls. What hes gazing at isnt the prison walls but the moon the stars in the night sky just beyond those walls. Then his death happens very quickly. It unfolds within one page without any dialogue without any explanation hitting you straight in the face. There are even scenes so sudden that I didnt think the characters had actually gone. Of course one of them also brought tears to my eyes. Here is one of the scenes that left an impression on me. Every time I look back they still make me feel light and sad in some way. Warning: These pictures contain spoilers 500https://i.ur.com/yFX2aPU.png 500https://i.ur.com/0DiIbeI.jpeg 500https://i.ur.com/m5KBoGm.png 500https://i.ur.com/IaWd5QZ.png 500https://i.ur.com/nU5pOze.jpeg Voluntary deaths deaths without sadness anger or fear those who dare to face the truth regardless of what happens to them they have left behind invaluable knowledge for later generations who only need to sit at a desk to learn that the Earth revolves around the Sun. And at the end of the journey the way the question from the beginning appears again is truly amazing. It doesnt give us an answer but it makes the ending more impactful. In a way this is probably the most unique ending I have ever read. CONCLUSION Although this story leans towards the historical genre the way it is conveyed is extremely focused and easy to grasp for readers. The characters and their deaths their ideas of life and their beliefs they are all conveyed in a concise way. Through the story it will also help you have a more objective view of the history. To conclude this is a truly worth reading manga for everyone. Wrote in 2nd May 2024